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Guide to System Design Interview: Reddit-like Platform

1. Introduction and Overview

This section highlights Reddit’s popularity and the intensive user interactions it supports, emphasizing the importance of scalability and robust session management.

2. Problem Statement and Requirements

• User profile management
• Notification systems for user engagement

3. Functional Requirements

Includes secure user authentication, sign-up processes, password recovery, and account verification.

4. Non-Functional Requirements

Additional focus on maintainability and serviceability. The expected load is detailed in transactions per second for clarity on scalability targets.

5. High-Level Design

Discusses the use of L4 and L7 load balancers based on traffic and session data expectations. Highlights the role of an API Gateway in a microservices architecture.

6. Components and Their Interactions

Introduction of message queues for asynchronous tasks like notification delivery and post processing. Details on REST or gRPC for inter-service communication.

7. Data Model

Focuses on the inclusion of entity attributes in diagram examples, and the importance of indexing searchable columns.

8. API Design

Example JSON response provided for better understanding of the API structure. Includes a discussion on API throttling and rate limiting.

9. Low-Level Design

Expands on interface definitions for services which aids in dependency inversion and simplifies mocking during testing. Application of design patterns like Observer for notification systems is considered.

10. Database Schema

Discussion about types of indexes (composite, unique) used, and considerations for concurrency and isolation levels in multi-user transactions.

11. Scalability Considerations

Information on the use of cloud services and architectures that support dynamic scalability. Geographical distribution and data locality are also covered.

12. Performance Optimization

Includes strategies for load testing and recommends tools. Emphasizes the importance of real-time performance monitoring.

13. Security Considerations

Incorporates multi-factor authentication and role-based access controls. Recommends regular security audits and compliance checks.

14. Trade-offs and Alternatives

Explores challenges with NoSQL databases regarding transaction consistency and evaluates CAP theorem implications regarding system design choices.

Java Code Examples

Includes organized package structures in Java code snippets, constructor injection in Spring for better testability, and detailed error handling in controller methods.

This comprehensive guide provides deep insights into each area, ensuring a thoroughly planned system design that effectively mimics a complex platform like Reddit.

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